As an important part of all cells and tissues of human body, protein accounts for 20% of the total mass of human body, which determines the absorption and utilization rate of other nutrients.
The functions of this nutrient in human body are as follows:
Protein is so important. What kind of internal structure makes it play such a role? Professor Rao also answered the staff’s doubts at the scene. It turns out that the most basic unit of protein is amino acid. The arrangement of different amino acids is called amino acid sequence. The most basic structure of protein is peptide chain. The peptide chain of protein forms different spatial structure. Different amino acid sequence and different spatial structure form thousands of different proteins, which have different functions and functions.
There are up to 22 kinds of amino acids that make up protein, which are divided into essential amino acids, semi essential amino acids and non essential amino acids. Among the essential amino acids, there are 8 kinds that cannot be synthesized by human body, which need to be supplemented by external intake to meet the nutritional needs of human body, so human body needs to supplement protein.
With the development of scientific research, scientists have found a new structural substance in the experiment. They are not proteins, nor amino acids, but some substance between amino acids and proteins. What is this substance? What’s the point?
“This is the origin of peptides,” Professor Rao continued. In 1902, British scientists first discovered peptide substances: cholecystokinin in an experiment. Then, through continuous experiments, they discovered various peptide substances and their physiological functions.
According to the number of amino acids, peptides can be named dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides and so on. But because there are many kinds of amino acids, not all of them are called peptides. Now the scientific community calls 2-10 amino acids linked together as oligopeptides, 10-50-100 amino acid combinations as peptides, and more than 100 amino acid combinations as proteins.
What are the physiological regulatory functions of peptides?
Professor Rao said: “polypeptides can regulate the growth, development, immunity, metabolism, exercise, endocrine, reproduction, nerve and other physiological functions of human body. For example, insulin and glucagon can regulate blood glucose; angiotensin and angiotensinostatin can regulate blood pressure; growth hormone and somatostatin can regulate growth of human body. “
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