- Peptide synthesizer refers to the instrument used to synthesize peptides.
- Classification of peptide synthesizer
- From the channel, it can be divided into single channel and multi-channel; from the technical point of view, it can be divided into the first generation, the second generation, and the third generation; and so on.
Peptide synthesizer refers to the instrument used to synthesize peptides.
Because the steps of peptide synthesis are very complicated and time-consuming, many companies have developed automatic peptide synthesizer.
Generally, there are two types. One is for production applications with small quantity but large synthesis quantity. The typical representative is abi336 peptide synthesizer of ABI company in the United States. Its reactor rotation mode is different from the previous two generations of peptide synthesizer, that is, the reactor is relatively fixed at the top, and the bottom is rotated 360 degrees in a circle, which drives the solid-liquid two phases in the reactor to spiral from the bottom to the top Reach the top of the reactor;
Another kind of peptide synthesis instrument aims at scientific research applications such as drug research and development, gene research and so on. The typical representative is respep SL and multipep RS series of intavis Ag in Germany. It can provide applications of solid-phase synthesis and membrane synthesis at the same time, and can automatically help customers to complete high-throughput peptide synthesis at the same time of map screening.
Classification of peptide synthesizer
The appearance of peptide synthesizer has greatly promoted the development of peptide science. On the other hand, with the development of peptide science, scientists also put forward higher requirements for the synthesizer, which led to the development of the synthesizer.
At present, there are many kinds of peptide synthesizers, which can be divided into microgram, milligram, gram and kilogram;
In terms of function, it can be divided into research type, small test type, medium test type, general production type and GMP production type; in terms of automation, it can be divided into full-automatic, semi-automatic and manual;
From the channel, it can be divided into single channel and multi-channel; from the technical point of view, it can be divided into the first generation, the second generation, and the third generation; and so on.
The first generation of peptide synthesizer the first generation of peptide synthesizer was produced from the late 1960s to the early 1970s. b] The representative products are Beckman 990 peptide synthesizer [1] launched by Beckman company and Vega’s 296 peptide synthesizer launched by Vega’s biotechnology company. Now the two companies have given up the research and development and production of peptide synthesizer, we can only find its design principle and research situation in the early academic literature. Although with the improvement and development of the production process, the first generation of peptide synthesizer has all withdrawn from the market.
However, before 1990, many peptide chemistry literatures were developed on this experimental equipment. The first generation of peptide synthesizer has great significance for the development and manufacture of the latter.
The second generation peptide synthesizer the second generation peptide synthesizer was born in the 1980s. b] The representative products are PS3 peptide synthesizer from protein technologies and act peptide synthesizer model 90 from advanced Chemtech. The landmark feature is the synthesis of polypeptide by mild reaction, which can be generally divided into simple nitrogen bubbling and shaking.
The design principle of PS3 is to agitate the reactants by the way of nitrogen bubbling reaction, that is, the reactor on the synthesis instrument is fixed, and nitrogen is discharged from the bottom of the reactor through the reactor to the upper part, and the bubbles generated in this process mix the solid and liquid phases. The advantages of this design are simple structure and low cost,But the reaction is relatively mild:
1) sometimes the polypeptide solid carrier will “agglomerate” under the action of static electricity, which makes it unable to fully mix with the liquid phase. In this case, it is necessary to increase the pressure of nitrogen to eliminate the electrostatic effect; after the electrostatic effect is eliminated, the pressure should be immediately reduced, otherwise, the higher pressure will “blow” the peptide solid carrier above the liquid level of the reactor.
Because of the strong wall adhesion of polypeptide solid phase carrier, once it is stuck to the top of the reactor liquid surface, it can no longer come down, that is to say, it can no longer participate in the reaction. Obviously, the first generation of machines can not automatically make such pressure adjustment, which is an important reason for the “dead angle” of reaction.
Reaction dead angle can reduce the efficiency and purity of peptide synthesis, and some even lead to synthesis failure. 2) The nitrogen bubbling for a long time will make the solution volatilize. After the liquid level is lowered, part of the polypeptide solid carrier will stick above the liquid level and can no longer participate in the reaction. 3) The nitrogen consumption is large and the operation cost is increased.
The design principle of act90 is that the reactor swings around the origin point left and right, or circularly. The peptide synthesizer of act also has the characteristics of mild reaction, that is, the rotation angle and speed can not fully reach the limit of amino acid coupling, and the reaction often takes longer.
The third generation peptide synthesizer the third generation peptide synthesizer was born in the 1990s b]] the representative products are ABI 433 peptide synthesizer of B] Applied Biosystems, cs336 dead angle free peptide synthesizer of C s bio and peptide scientific The design principle of abi433, a series of 180-270 degree mechanical agitation peptide synthesizer manufactured by Inc, is that the top of the reactor is relatively fixed, while the bottom is rotated 360 degrees in a circle, which drives the solid-liquid two-phase in the reactor to spiral from the bottom to the top, all the way to the top of the reactor. In other words, the solution can reach any point inside the reactor, and there is no dead angle.
As the stirring rate can reach 1800 rpm, the reaction can be fully completed. Due to the no dead angle stirring method to ensure the purity of peptide synthesis, abi433 peptide synthesizer (the last instrument after its withdrawal from the peptide synthesizer market) still occupies a large proportion in the world. Of course, the price of ABI products is also the highest. Due to the high frequency of components, solenoid valves are often damaged. ABI makes 7 solenoid valves into modular design. If one solenoid valve is damaged, the whole module must be replaced, which increases the maintenance cost.
The design principle of cs336 is that the reactor center point is a circle, and 180 degrees of rotation and stirring are done up and down, and the stirring speed can reach 180rpm. At the same time, the advantages of nitrogen bubbling reaction mode are adopted. Nitrogen blowing is integrated into the reaction method as an optional reaction mode, and the high coupling rate effect of peptide synthesizer in scientific research field is fully reflected.
The fourth generation peptide synthesizer has been recognized by more and more customers due to its 180 degree stirring mode without dead angle Since 2002, Inc has taken the 180 degree up-down mechanical stepless speed regulating mixing mode as the landmark feature of its entire series of products. The PSI200, 300, 400, 500 to 600 peptide synthesizers all adopt the 180-270 degree up-down mechanical mixing mode. The PSI adopts the numerical control motor system, and the mixing speed is stepless and adjustable.
The mixing intensity and speed are developed in physical energy To the extreme. The fifth generation peptide synthesizer CEM company of the United States is famous for the manufacture of protein organic reaction equipment, and launched the microwave peptide synthesizer liberty. By microwave heating, the reaction speed is greatly increased, which is several times or even more than ten times of the previous peptide synthesizer.
Its inborn characteristics have been recognized by many hairdressing customers. Drug screening peptide synthesizers include 106 channel asynchronous full-automatic peptide synthesizer launched by act company, 96 channel full-automatic peptide synthesizer launched by aapptec company, 98 channel full-automatic peptide synthesizer launched by PTI company, etc.
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