Nomenclature of Peptides:
An amino acid incorporated in a peptide chain loses one H (of its NH2) and one OH (of its COOH), or only one of the two if it is a terminal amino acid. This is called an amino acid “residue”; it is designated by adding the suffix “yl” to the root of the name (example: glycyl, seryl, tyrosyl etc.)
Classification of Peptides
Preparation and Purification of Peptides
Peptides may be separated by different techniques: precipitation at the isoelectric point (minimal solubility), selective extraction by some solvents, etc.
Various methods are used for purification: crystallisation, counter-current distribution, adsorption chromatography, partition chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, electrophoresis, etc.
Study of Some Biologically Important Peptides
Peptides with Antibiotic Activity
i. Penicillin
ii. Tyrocidins are cyclo-decapeptides
iii. A residue of L-ornithine which is not an amino acid found in proteins
iv. 2 residues of D-phenylalanine, an optical isomer never present in proteins
Other antibiotics are also of peptide nature, or at least include a peptide part (gramicidins, polymyxins, bacitracins, actinomycins, etc).
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