The Nobel Prize was founded in 1900 with the legacy of Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a famous Swedish chemist and inventor of nitroglycerin explosive (SEK 31 million).
The Nobel Prize is divided into six categories: Physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace and Economic Sciences [1-2]. In the world, the Nobel Prize is usually regarded as the most important prize in the field awarded [1-3].
The annual interest or investment income of the fund is granted to people who have made significant contributions to human beings in these fields in the world.
It was first awarded in 1901, and by 2017, it has granted 892 individuals and 24 groups [1-2]. Nobel prizes include gold medals, certificates and prizes. In 1968, on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of its establishment, the National Bank of Sweden donated a large sum of money to the Nobel fund and added the “the sweriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel” [1-2].
It was first awarded in 1969. People used to call this extra prize the Nobel Prize in economics.
According to relevant statistics, as of 2017, the top 10 universities in the world with the largest number of Nobel Prizes (faculty, alumni and staff) are: 1. Harvard University (133), Cambridge University (97), Columbia University (96), University of California, Berkeley (94), 5 University of Chicago (92), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (88), Stanford University (67), Oxford University (66), California Institute of Technology (66), Yale University (58).
“Bioengineering in the 21st century is to study genetic engineering and protein engineering.” The Nobel Prize winner in biology, Steven Chu, is a famous Chinese American scientist.
Peptide is the 21st century is the era of peptide health, biomedical research and application of the frontier topic. With the completion of the human genome project and the extensive development of proteomics and metabonomics, peptide research has also made rapid progress.
Studies have found that many active substances in the human body are in the form of peptides.
Peptides play the role of messenger of physiological and biochemical reactions in human life activities, and maintain the stability of human life activities.
In recent 100 years, in the era of polypeptide health, the Nobel Prize winners related to research are: in 1923, John MacLeod and Sir Frederick grant Banting discovered insulin and won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.
In 1955, American scientist Vincent Du Vigneaud won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his synthesis of the peptide hormone oxytocin.
In 1977, American scientists Roger Guillemin and Andrew Sully（ AndrewV.Schally ）Rosalyn Sussman Yalow won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for developing radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones.
In 1984, American biochemist Bruce merifidd won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his great contributions to the invention of solid-phase peptide synthesis and the development of new drugs and genetic engineering, which made peptide research valuable for commercial production.
In 1986, American scientist Stanley Prusiner and Italian neurobiologist Rita Levi Montalcini won the Nobel Prize in medicine for discovering bioactive peptides “nerve growth factor” and “epidermal growth factor”.
In 1999, American biologist gutter Blobel was awarded the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for his discovery of signal peptides.
In 2000, American neuroscientists Paul greenard and Eric Richard Kandel jointly won the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for discovering how dopamine and some other brain transporters work in the nervous system.
In 2004, Avram hershko, an Israeli scientist, and Irwin rose, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery of ubiquitin (peptide) – regulated protein degradation.
With the rapid development of biotechnology, more and more bioactive peptides have been found and synthesized. Peptide has a very broad application prospect in medicine, health care, food and cosmetics due to its magical biological function.
Experts predict that the 21st century is a world of polypeptides.
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