Peptide synthesis methods
Peptide synthesis method is the synthesis method of peptide chain (containing multiple peptide bond – CONH -) by linking different or identical amino acids in a specified order. It was initiated by German chemist E. Fischer. Two problems must be solved in peptide synthesis
① One of the two functional groups of an amino acid (usually an amino group) is blocked, that is, protected by a protective group, and only the unprotected group (carboxyl) is allowed to react with another amino acid molecule. The protective group used should not only be easy to react with the protected group, but also be easily removed after the formation of peptide bond.
② The open functional groups should be activated so that they can react under mild conditions. Benzyl Chloroformate and tert butoxycarbonyl chloride can be used as amino protection reagents. The method to activate carboxyl group is to change the carboxyl group into acyl chloride, ester, mixed anhydride and other derivatives, or add and contract agent (dehydrating agent) dicyclohexyl carbodiimide to combine the amino group with the carboxyl group.
In 1962, R. Merrifield introduced a new method of peptide synthesis solid phase peptide synthesis.
The principle is that the first amino acid is attached to an insoluble polymer molecule, and then linked to other amino acids one by one, and the increased peptide chain is connected to the insoluble polymer. In this way, the loss of each separation operation can be greatly reduced, the purification procedures can be simplified, and the trouble of purifying individual intermediates can be saved.
The feeding process can be mechanized and automatic, and the peptide synthesis cycle can be shortened. After the peptide was connected, the polypeptide was separated from the polymer by reductive cleavage method, and then purified by chromatography. The establishment and application of solid phase method greatly promoted the research of peptide synthesis.
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